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Flat Feet (Pes Planus)

Diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment methods.

General Information About Flat Feet

Flat feet (Pes Planus) occur when the physiological arch on the inner side of the foot loses its flexibility or fails to develop, becoming completely flat and touching the ground. It leads to early fatigue, ankle, and knee pain. In our Orthopedics and Physical Therapy departments, it is treated with custom-made insoles (orthotics), tendon-strengthening exercises, and in advanced stages, reconstructive surgery.

Disease Details and Frequently Asked Questions

You can access detailed information about the disease under the headings below.
What are Flat Feet (Pes Planus)?

It is a condition where the gap (arch) that should normally be present on the inner side of a healthy foot to absorb the body's shock (load) during walking disappears, causing the entire sole of the foot to touch the ground.

What is the Difference Between Flexible and Rigid Flat Feet?

Flexible Flat Feet: The arch is present when the foot is in the air or when standing on tiptoes, but disappears when standing flat on the ground. It is generally painless.
Rigid Flat Feet: There is no arch whether the foot is in the air or on the ground. It is caused by fused bones and is very painful.

Can It Develop Later in Adulthood?

Yes. Flat feet can develop later in life, particularly as a result of excess weight, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, or the tearing/loosening of the main tendon (posterior tibial tendon) that holds up the foot arch, due to age and overuse.

What Problems (Pains) Does It Cause?

Because the body's biomechanics are disrupted, it causes chronic mechanical fatigue pains not only in the foot but also in the ankle, the inner part of the knees due to inward rolling, the hips, and the lower back.

How is it Diagnosed?

It is diagnosed through an Orthopedics specialist examining the patient while standing (observing the heels rolling outward from behind) and mapping the pressure applied by the foot to the ground using computerized Footprint Analysis (Pedobarography).

Do Insoles Cure It? How is it Treated?

Custom-made orthopedic insoles given during childhood and for flexible flat feet do not cure the foot (they do not bring the arch back), but they 100% prevent pain and joint destruction by correcting the load distribution. For adult-onset flat feet due to tendon rupture or in cases of severe bone pain, surgical repair (bone cuts/fusion) is performed.

Our health library contents are prepared for informational purposes only and with scientific data available at the time of recording. For all your questions, concerns, diagnosis, or treatment regarding your health, please consult your doctor or a healthcare institution.


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