General Information About Hereditary Angioedema
Disease Details and Frequently Asked Questions
It is the formation of sudden, recurrent, and severe edema in subcutaneous and mucosal tissues as a result of a deficiency in a genetic protein that controls fluid leakage and tissue swelling in the body.
Allergic edemas are itchy and accompanied by red hives (urticaria) on the skin. In hereditary angioedema, however, the skin is normal in color, it never itches (it is only taut), and it does not respond to classic allergy medications (antihistamines, cortisone, adrenaline).
Mild physical traumas (such as a tooth extraction), intense emotional stress, infections, and the use of certain blood pressure medications belonging to the ACE inhibitor group are the most important factors that trigger attacks.
When the swelling is in the arms or legs, it only causes disfigurement and tightness. However, if the edema develops in the throat (larynx), it can mechanically block the airway within seconds and cause suffocation.
When the swelling occurs in the intestinal wall, it leads to very severe cramp-like abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting that mimics a ruptured appendix. These patients may mistakenly undergo unnecessary abdominal surgeries.
Because allergy medications do not work during an acute attack, the patient is given intravenous 'C1 Inhibitor Concentrate' or bradykinin receptor antagonists (Icatibant) directly, ensuring the swelling subsides rapidly. Preventative medications are prescribed for those who experience frequent attacks.
Our health library contents are prepared for informational purposes only and with scientific data available at the time of recording. For all your questions, concerns, diagnosis, or treatment regarding your health, please consult your doctor or a healthcare institution.
