General Information About Peripheral Arterial Disease
Disease Details and Frequently Asked Questions
It is the narrowing and restriction of blood flow in the inner lining of arteries supplying blood to organs such as the legs, arms, stomach, or kidneys (especially the legs) due to calcification (plaque buildup).
The biggest trigger and cause is smoking. Diabetes, high blood pressure, advanced age, and high cholesterol are other main factors that initiate hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
It is the most classic symptom of the disease. The leg does not hurt at rest, but when walking begins, the muscle's need for blood increases. When the narrowed artery cannot deliver enough blood, a severe cramp/pain strikes the calf. The patient is forced to stop and rest as if looking at a shop window, and the pain passes upon resting.
When the artery is close to total occlusion, the pain continues even while resting or sleeping in bed. The blood-deprived foot turns purple, becomes icy cold, and non-healing bruises/ulcers (gangrene) begin to form at the fingertips.
The ratio of blood pressure at the ankle to blood pressure in the arm (ABI index) indicates the disease. The exact location of the blockage is determined by Leg Color Doppler Ultrasound and CT (Computed Tomography) Angiography.
None of the treatments will work if smoking is not quit. Regular walking and blood thinners are the first steps. If the blockage is critical, angiography is performed via the groin, the inside of the artery is opened with a balloon, and a Stent is placed. For blockages too long to be opened with angioplasty, Cardiovascular Surgery performs a Bypass operation, bridging the blocked area with an artificial graft.
Our health library contents are prepared for informational purposes only and with scientific data available at the time of recording. For all your questions, concerns, diagnosis, or treatment regarding your health, please consult your doctor or a healthcare institution.
