Ovarian Cancer

It is the mutation of cells in the ovary tissue, which produces eggs and secretes female hormones in women, turning into cancer and spreading rapidly into the abdomen.

The disease gives no symptoms in the early stages (while inside the ovary). When the tumor grows and spreads to the peritoneum; it gives vague symptoms that are thought to be ordinary 'stomach/bowel problems' such as persistent abdominal and gas bloating, getting full quickly, nausea, the need to urinate frequently, and a constant feeling of heaviness/pain in the pelvis.

The biggest risk is Genetics (BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations). Women who have breast, ovarian, or colon cancer in their families are at high risk. Advanced age (over 50-60), never having given birth, early menstruation and late menopause, and taking long-term hormone replacement therapy (menopause pills) are other risk factors.

No! A smear test only shows cervical cancer, it DOES NOT SHOW ovarian cancer.
For diagnosis, it is mandatory for a Gynecologist to perform a Transvaginal Ultrasonography. If a suspicious, irregular, and vascularized cyst is seen on the ultrasound, tumor markers like CA-125 are checked in the blood, and an Abdominal MRI/Tomography is taken. A definitive diagnosis is made only by surgically removing the cyst and sending it to pathology.

The basic and life-saving treatment of ovarian cancer is Cytoreductive (Tumor Debulking) Surgery. The patient's abdomen is opened, and the uterus, both ovaries, lymph nodes, appendix, peritoneum, and all (visible) tissues to which the tumor has spread are meticulously cleaned. After surgery, Chemotherapy and, in suitable patients, Smart Drug (PARP inhibitors) treatment are applied as standard to destroy the remaining microscopic cancer cells.