General Information About Osteomalacia
Disease Details and Frequently Asked Questions
Even though the structural scaffolding of the bones is intact, the failure of calcium and phosphorus minerals to adequately deposit into the tissue to harden this scaffolding leaves the bones soft and prone to bending and fracturing.
In osteoporosis, the bone is hard but porous (there is a loss of mass). In osteomalacia, the bone mass is present, but because its content lacks minerals (calcium), it is soft like dough.
The major cause is severe and prolonged Vitamin D deficiency. Inadequate sunlight exposure, intestinal malabsorption disorders like Celiac disease, liver/kidney diseases, and certain epilepsy medications can lead to this condition.
Symptoms include widespread bone pain, particularly in the lower back, pelvis, legs, and ribs. There is notable weakness in the upper leg muscles, making it difficult to rise from a seated position or climb stairs, often resulting in a waddling gait.
Blood tests show very low levels of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D, while Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) enzyme and Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are high. Pseudofracture lines (Looser's zones) may be visible on X-rays.
Treatment is primarily medication-based and highly effective. The deficient Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus supplements are administered orally or intravenously in high doses, allowing the bones to remineralize (harden) within a few months.
Our health library contents are prepared for informational purposes only and with scientific data available at the time of recording. For all your questions, concerns, diagnosis, or treatment regarding your health, please consult your doctor or a healthcare institution.
