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What is an Eye Examination? How is an Eye Examination Performed?

About the Article

A routine eye examination, contrary to popular belief among the public, is not a simple test where only visual acuity is measured (reading letters in the distance). It is an extremely comprehensive and vital medical evaluation that enables the early diagnosis of many health problems, from eye pressure to retinal diseases, and even extraocular systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

Steps of a Comprehensive Eye Screening

Details checked in a routine eye examination and its frequency.
What stages does a comprehensive eye examination consist of?

In a standard examination, refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) are first measured with computerized devices (autorefractometer). Next, the front part of the eye (cornea, iris, lens) is examined with a biomicroscope. Eye pressure (Glaucoma) is measured. Finally, the pupil is dilated with special drops, and the retina (nerve network) and optic nerve at the back of the eye are scanned in detail.

Can other (systemic) diseases be diagnosed with an eye examination?

Absolutely yes. The eye is the only organ in the human body where the live vascular and nerve network can be seen directly with the naked eye (or microscope). By looking at the fundus of the eye, your eye doctor can detect the first signs of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, MS (Multiple Sclerosis), and even brain tumors.

How often should those with no complaints be examined?

Even if there are no vision complaints; regular eye examinations are recommended for babies in the first 6 months and before starting school, for adults (between ages 18-40) every 2 years, and every year regularly after the age of 40 (especially due to the risk of eye pressure).

The information on this page is for general health advice. Please consult specialized physicians for personalized treatment or advice.


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