What is the Sternum? What are the Functions of the Sternum?

Its most important function is protection. Immediately behind it are the two most critical organs of human life, the heart and lungs (especially the great vessels of the heart). The sternum acts as a very solid armor, like a steel vest, protecting these organs against external traumas, blows, and accidents.

Our first 7 pairs of ribs (true ribs) on the right and left sides connect directly to the sternum via cartilaginous joints. As we breathe in and out, the sternum moves forward and upward just like a pump handle, expanding the rib cage and allowing the lungs to fill with air.

Because the heart is hidden right behind this bone, in open heart surgeries (Bypass, valve replacement), the sternum bone must be vertically split in half with special medical saws so the surgeon can reach the heart. At the end of the surgery, it is tightly stitched back together with steel wires to allow it to fuse.